Photographic process for the reproduction of plastic objects.



0. BAESE. PHOTOGRAPHIG PROCESS FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF PLASTIC OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 17,1902.

H0 MODEL.

PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904. C. BAB B.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF PLASTIC OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 17. 1902.

N0 MODEL.

a I w m i pl 6 M m M; M2, W

PATBNTED NOV. $1904.

C. BABSE. PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS PORTHE REPRODUCTION OF PLASTIC OBJECTS.

FATENT if Patented November 8, 180%.

JL Ila,

oAsilo-fsuuss, or BERLIN, GERM NY,

rso cememcrsc czss ros n-u smeuucuou or room esiseis.

SPECIFICATION formingport of Letters Patontllu. T745549, dated. November 8, 19%;.

Application filed Kay 17, 1902. Esrielllo. 107,768. (Eu specimens.)

' To all whom it may ooi oern:

Be it knownthat-I, (Limo Essen, a subject of the King of Prussia. Emperor of Germany,

and s resident-f Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussisfin theGer'mun Empirmheve invented a new and usefullmprovexneut in Photographic Proowses for the Reproduction of Plastio Objects, of which the following is a full. clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in photographic processes for producing plastic imitations or representations of objects of all kinds; and the purpose of my improvements isto obtain onset of photographic plates or 5 films which -'intsuperposition will so modify 1 the light passing therethrough that all mod ulotions of ligljtt other than those due to the dillereucesin relief will he neutralizes. if, therefore, such a set of plates be copied on suitably-prepared gelatin and subsequently treated with water or other suitable suhstuncc. on exact imitation in relief of the object .photogrsphedwill be obtained. k In carrying out my invention 1 photograph 5 the oh lect to he reprod uced, hereinafter called the origiuul, in slight graduated in the direction of the axis of the lens of the camera v anti in proportion to the relief oi ssicl object or parts'thereof and then repeal the exposure on another plate or film inhomogeneous light or in light graduated in inverse proportion to the .relief of said object. I then prepure a dispositive of one of ssicl'negutives, and this uis'positive end the other negative form theclesired set of-plstss. For the purpose of better explaining my invention Idescrihe the same-below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which-1 l Figure 1 shows the' direction of the illuminoting-rays of light with regard to the original and so the camera. when photographing said original. the 'numerels l to 6 representing the graduation or duration of the exposure of the light. Fig. 2 isa perspeetiveview showing the position of the illuminatinglamps when photographing a bust to be repro duced in profile relief. Fig. 3 shows a. perspeol tive view of a. light-filter used to graduate the 5 light. Fig. 4: is a similar view of s light-tilother negative.

' liquid.

numerals 1 to 8., the letter or more ter adopted to graduate the light for illuminoting the original in zones. Fig. 5 is a. dis gram showing the distribution of light and shade in one of the negatives; Fig. 8., u. similar diagram representing the distribution of light and shade, in the seo'ond negative. X 7 represents the distribution light not} shade obtained by suporposiug the negative shown in Fig.5 and the dispositlve oi the Fig. 8 is s cliugr (a) the manner of illuminating the o sections, (filizhe gelatin sections au er espousion, and (c) the gelatin sections fastened to a stepped support. while Fig. 9 represents another suitable manner of arranging the pro- 6 jectiorrlemps and camera.

Assuming it is desired to procluc relief of e bust, I illuminate heof the letter with light grades-i rection of the sxis of the it outed in Fig. 1 by the p'srullel numerals 1 to 6. I then photograph v a, Fig". 2, illuminated in this manner. the use minsting-lsmps b and photographic comers; occupying the position shown in Fig. lo order to graduate the light of the illuro lug-lumps, I employ light-filters. For t present purpose the filter shown in suituble, which consists of a rectangular s vessel divided into twotrisugguisr spurt!!! s by a diagonal well. one of whioh filled with a colored: and the one Win "21 oolorless I do not limit. mysel. however. to this particular meohunisin for grsalustingthe light, for obviously the some results may he accomplished in other ways without departing;

from the spirit of my invention.

When the light is gretluutevl in such. ii menner that theperts of the original the camera so less illuniinzuielthl removeul ports, as indicated in lii illuminated parts will exercise astrougser us tinic action "on the photo}; iphic piste the less removed partsTFQr example. thug-5 poiutf, Fig. l, of the original will appear (lurker on the negative then the pointy smi the point It darker than the point fif ilfhe n I s i l negative produced in this manner we i not however, alone influence the light, u J p raw mannenthat the sensitized gelatin exposed thereunder when expanded will be an exact plastic representation of the original, because the surface of the original reflects more or less light during the photographic exposure, according to the angle in which the illuminating-rays rl'all thereon. In other words, the unevenness oi the original prod uccs a distribution of light and shade which bears no proportion to the relief of the original. Moreover, the different colors of the original exercise different actinic actions on the sensitized plate, so that those parts of the original which were less. strongly illuminated during the exposure, owing to their color. may produce darker shades than other differently-colored parts which were more strongly illuminated. The shades of the negative are therefore as pendent on three factors:

First. Owingto the graduated illumination of the object the parts nearest to the camera are less strongly illuminated than the more removed parts, so that the latter possess greater actinic properties. The distribution of lights and shadows in the negative produced by this graduation of the illuminatinglight is alone useful for the purposes of my invention.

Second. Any surface on which the light falls at a right angle will possess greater actinic power than any surface of the same size on which the light falls at an acute angle. The distribution of light and shade produced. by this factor is not in proportion to the re; lief of the original.

Third. The various colors of the original exercise different actinic powers, which are also not in proportion to the'relicf of the original and must accordingly be neutralized.

The distribution of shade in a negative for an infinitely-small zone of the original may be represented by the curve '5 in Fig. 5, which may be easily calculated when, for the sake of clearness, it is assumed that at the particular zone the original has the section shown at A. 'lheullumination of the original during,

the exposure of this negative is represented in Fig. 5 by the arrows. l to 10, the parts farther removed from the camera being more strongly illuminated than the loss removed parts.

()n comparing" the curve 7. with the dotted line which latter represents the shape of the original at the zone in question, it will be seen that the distribution of light in this negative diflers very essentially from the shape of the model at the zone in question.

When a second photograph of the model manner. Thedistribntion of light and shadein this diapositive will he in inverse proportion to that of the second negative and can therefore be graphically represented by the cross lincd side of the curve 1/1 in Fig. 6. As already mentioned, this diapositive, Fig. 6, and the first negative, Fig. 5, form the desired set of plates or the like. If new the constituents of this set are placed on eachv (1 will represent the sum of the shade intensities of the superposed negative and positive. The curve 4 conforms exactly with the shape of the original at the zone in question. As a consequence sensitized gelatin of the kind usually employed for making reliefs exposed under the set willbe so chemically affected that the mass when expanded will be an exact copy of the originalin relief. It is clear, therefore, that during the exposure of the sensitized gelatin under the superposed negative and. positive those factors in the latter which were produced during the exposure of the negatives in the camera by the unevenness and color of the original are neutralized. The desired result can also be obtained when one of the two negatives is taken in homogeneousthatis, in non-graduated-light. in this case a set of plates is also obtained, which when superposed neutralizes the distributions of light and shade occasioned by the color and unevenness 01 the original, although in this case the variations in the shade intensities 00- is taken inoppositely-graduated light, as in' dicatcd by the figures 1 to 10 in Fig. 6, the distribution of light in this second negative for the same zone of the original as before can be represented by the curve 111/. in Fig. 6.

From 1 one of the two neQatives---t'or example, from the second I now make a diapositivc in known casioncd by the relief of the original are not always augmented, in the previous case.

instead of illuminating the original during the exposure in the camera with light graduatcd across the whole width thereof, as done in the exposures represented in lhigs. 5 to 7, I may illuminate the original in sections. For this purpose the filter shown in Fig. 4 can be used. This threefold graduation 01 light at the zone/k is graphically represented in Fig. 8, I if being the light-filters and the numerals 1 5 1() representing the graduation of the light of the lamps l; effected by these filters. l then take a second photograph with oppositelygraduat ul light-zones. As in the first case,-l make adiapositive of one of the negatires. ()n exposing sensitized gelatin under a set. consistingof such a diapositivc and negative the light will so act thereon that when expanded it assumes the shape shown at 1 in Fig. 8. Every partr is naturally of annular form in plan, because the original during the exposure of the I'HZQELlZlVOS in the camera is illuminated from botlrsides with registering number- 97h; angles Leaneeiiy 50 detects in .ery indie aincilmbie fmm an 'eziei and so prep-wed sebste use.

e be secure by Lair mates, is

- med reproe18 ob ect: wnieh consists in preend posiflpilic negative of the object 7 be pmd used 11 Eight graduated in propertien t0 the preminence of thesurfacethereof, 0 preparing the phat graphic negative of said abject e difierem y iseri'euzed light, prepes'ire efi vesiif e ef one of said negatives,

j; ive and the uneopied mega; the on a sensitize (less capable of producing 65 reiief, developing said mass so as 'eproduee eh 0x21 ef the eriginefi.

The'pmeese herein rleseribed for the re- :gmueioe 0; I in ebjec-ts, which 001 ate- 1-; preparing in a hi l gz'edueited in p vim th pm ence of ishe suefece at the enjeefi a pheto aghie negative theeeei, prepaving e phetegraphic negative of said ob' ec is e. Eine graduated in inverse progor'zio the ligh's as first g, edue'te, preparing e gwsitive of one of said negatives, copying We iie esiti've and its uneepied negeiiive one predueizlg a reliei s so as to prec'iece e 39 described. for the fe objec ss which consisis,

gredxm'ted in proper ee 05 sections 053 the em"- I produced, a phete- 35 ebjeet, preparing a object in differentiy-istri t, preparing dieposfiive 0f 0 .1: ives cepg'ing sei 'f diapeaifiive e1 zzeeegned negative on 2;, 5 1 f pzeducinga relief,

Zed mess so es be we ori inal object in c 'ed 0f reproconsiste in pre 95 pz'eporrtion to e the surface is egemve of Said en 1 a eiepw abhe ierm ef't The 4 preluetien ea in 3.. ton to the pro face of abs (1 graphic neg m photograpizie 3 reduce tee preeees E fee as aforesaid, pren of saifl negatives,

em uncopiedf zzze se capable of prooping said mess, sub 5 Ensure ned my name presence of two subrephie negative ig e'rsed propmtion to 09: 

